C++ :

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
	int n,i,l=1,k=0;
	cin>>n;
	int a[n];
	for(i=0;i<n;i++) cin>>a[i];
	for(i=1;i<n;i++){
		if(k==0){
			if(a[i-1]<a[i]){
				k=1;
			}else k=2;
		}else if(k==1){
			if(a[i-1]>a[i]){
				l++;
				k=2;
			}
		}else{
			if(a[i-1]<a[i]){
				l++;
				k=1;
			}
		}
	}
	cout<<l;
} 

Java :

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		int n = sc.nextInt();
		int[] a =new int[n];
		for (int i =0;i<n;i++) {
			a[i]=sc.nextInt();
		}
		int m =0;
		for(int i=1;i<n-1;i++) {
			if(a[i]>a[i-1]&&a[i]>a[i+1]) {
				m++;
			}
			if(a[i]<a[i-1]&&a[i]<a[i+1]) {
				m++;
			}
		}
		System.out.println(m+1);
	}
}

Python :

n=int(input())
a=input().split()
a=list(map(int,a))
js=1
if(a[0]<a[1]):
   k=1
else:
   k=2
for i in range(1,n-1):
   if(a[i]<a[i+1]):
       if(k==2):
           js=js+1
           k=1
   else:
       if(k==1):
           js=js+1
           k=2
print(js)